Monday, October 31, 2011

UFC 137 on tap: Odds update and final picks from Iole, Cofield and Trigg

Listen above to Frank Trigg and Kevin Iole analyze UFC 137 shortly after the weigh-in.

Before the fights, Iole joined me on Skype to breakdown the big fights.

UFC 137 betting odds:

Top plays in bold

Nick Diaz (+105) vs. B.J. Penn (-125) - Welterweight

Cheick Kongo (+110) vs. Matt Mitrione (-130) - Heavyweight

Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipovic (+175) vs. Roy Nelson (-220) - Heavyweight

Hatsu Hioki (-335) vs. George Roop (+275) - Featherweight

Jeff Curran (+375) vs. Scott Jorgensen (-550) - Featherweight

Donald Cerrone (-325) vs. Dennis Siver (+250) - Lightweight

Tyson Griffin (-320) vs. Bart Palaszewski (+260) - Featherweight

Eliot Marshall (+325) vs. Brandon Vera (-400) - Light heavyweight

Danny Downes (+150) vs. Ramsey Nijem (-180) - Lightweight

Chris Camozzi (-130) vs. Francis Carmont (+110) - Middleweight

Dustin Jacoby (-125) vs. Clifford Starks (-105) - Middleweight

Watch UFC 137 right here on Yahoo! Sports

Source: http://sports.yahoo.com/mma/blog/cagewriter/post/UFC-137-on-tap-Odds-update-and-final-picks-from?urn=mma-wp8690

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Contrast of misery, normalcy in flood-wary Bangkok

Tourists carry their partners to avoid floodwaters at the entrance of the Grand Palace in Bangkok, Thailand on Friday Oct. 28, 2011. The Chao Phraya river coursing through the capital swelled to record highs Friday, briefly flooding riverside buildings and an ornate royal complex at high tide amid fears that flood defenses could break and swamp the heart of the city. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)

Tourists carry their partners to avoid floodwaters at the entrance of the Grand Palace in Bangkok, Thailand on Friday Oct. 28, 2011. The Chao Phraya river coursing through the capital swelled to record highs Friday, briefly flooding riverside buildings and an ornate royal complex at high tide amid fears that flood defenses could break and swamp the heart of the city. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)

Motorcyclists move past a flooded street near the Grand Palace in Bangkok, Thailand on Friday Oct. 28, 2011. The main river coursing through Thailand's capital swelled to record highs Friday, briefly flooding riverside buildings and an ornate royal complex at high tide amid fears that flood defenses could break and swamp the heart of the city. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)

Reflection of Grand Palace is seen on floodwaters as Thai residents walk through a partially flooded street near Grand Palace in Bangkok, Thailand, Thursday, Oct. 27, 2011. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

Reflection of Grand Palace is seen on floodwaters as Thai residents walk through a partially flooded street near Grand Palace in Bangkok, Thailand, Thursday, Oct. 27, 2011. (AP Photo/Altaf Qadri)

A Thai couple push a cart passing by the empty shelf inside a super market due to the food suppliers distributor center has affected by flooding in Bangkok , Thailand, Saturday, Oct. 29, 2011. Defenses shielding the center of Thailand's capital from the worst floods in nearly 60 years mostly held at critical peak tides Saturday, but areas along the city's outskirts remained submerged along with much of the countryside (AP Photo/Andy Wong)

(AP) ? On one side of Bangkok, you'll find the victims of Thailand's worst flooding in half a century. They float down trash-strewn waterways, paddling washtubs with wicker brooms over submerged neighborhoods.

Just a few miles (kilometers) away, you'll find something else entirely: well-heeled shoppers perusing bustling malls decorated with newly hung Halloween decorations, couples sipping espresso in the air-conditioned comfort of ultrachic cafes.

Although catastrophic flooding has devastated a third of this Southeast Asian nation and submerged some of the capital's northernmost districts, the reality for the majority of this sprawling metropolis of 9 million people is that life goes on.

The desperate images of disaster contrast sharply with scenes of total normality ? from night-owls drinking cocktails in red light districts to tourists enjoying relaxing foot massages in faux-leather chairs downtown.

An exodus of thousands of Bangkok residents to nearby resorts and a government-ordered five-day holiday have left the notoriously congested city unusually easy to maneuver by taxi and three-wheeled tuk-tuk.

"It's better, in a way," Nicole Attwater of Sydney said Sunday, adding that she was happy to brave some flooding to see the Grand Palace, the gold-studded former seat of the Thai monarchy, with far lighter crowds than normal on a sunny morning.

"It's a good time to come, because it's quiet," she said.

Most of Bangkok is dry, with little to indicate that anything is wrong ? except for the ominous walls of sandbags stacked around hotels and homes, and the apocalyptic predictions of everyone from expatriate bloggers to some members of the Thai government.

Yet, the threat of floodwaters sweeping through the city is still very real. Nationwide, 381 people have died over the last three months, and 110,000 more have been displaced ? 10,000 of them in Bangkok, according to government figures. The catastrophe has put hundreds of thousands of people out of work and cost billions of dollars in damage ? a bill that grows larger by the day.

Among items struck from tourists' agendas: shopping for crafts at the popular Chatuchak weekend market and dinner cruises down the city's Chao Phraya river ? all canceled due to the high waters. The river swelled to a record high level early Sunday, spilling into some neighborhoods and sparking fears it would flood the inner city.

Fears over worse-case scenarios and travel warnings issued by foreign governments have slashed visitors by half at sites like the Grand Palace and the giant gold-plated Reclining Buddha inside Bangkok's Wat Pho temple complex.

But the biggest problem by far, said tour guide Keerati Atui, is the media, which he said has given the impression that most of Bangkok is under water.

"Look around," he said, gesturing to lines of tourists streaming into the white-walled palace. "It's dry. Everything here is normal."

River water has lapped at the palace gates and even crept inside, but much of it has welled up through drains in the riverside neighborhood. One picture posted this week on Twitter showed a cameraman filming a television news anchor on a street beside the palace in ankle-high water. On both sides of the pair, the street was bone dry.

Heavy monsoon rains have pummeled a large swath of Asia since July. As floodwaters crept across Thailand, they first drowned neighboring provinces, then districts on the northern outskirts of Bangkok. Last week, advancing water forced the city's Don Muang airport, which is used mainly for domestic flights, to shut down. However, the international Suwarnabhumi airport remains open, and the city's skytrain and subway lines were functioning normally.

Nobody knows how far the water will go, but so far Bangkok's defenses have mostly held.

Statements from government leaders have alternated from assurances the capital would be spared to dire warnings that nowhere is safe.

Panicked Bangkokians have stripped supermarkets and convenience stores of bottled water and dried noodle supplies in recent weeks as a result, but there is still plenty to drink. Both those items can be still found in street-side shops along the city's temple-dotted riverside, where the mineral water is ice cold and the noodle soup is spicy and sprinkled with fish balls.

"A lot of people are overreacting, they've been hoarding too much stuff," said Kwanpimol Pleegluay, a 48-year-old housewife. "They watch the news and see people in other flooded provinces and think that's going to happen to them here."

Kwanpimol was taking a casual stroll along the Chao Phraya with her husband over the weekend ? to see how high the river swelled. After peering into the water, she took his photo and chose one word to describe the scene: "Beautiful," she said.

On the other side of the Chao Phraya, where the 200-year-old pagoda of the city's famed Temple of the Dawn rises from the banks, 42-year-old monk Phramaha Abhin said he was not worried.

"The Lord Buddha taught us not to be negligent, we must always prepare," said Phramaha, referring to newly laid protective layer of sandbags outside the temple, where he lives. "But he also taught us not to foolishly fear that which hasn't happened yet."

Many people in Bangkok and neighboring provinces see the flooding as something that should be accepted, not something to be angry about.

In Bangkok's heavily flooded Thonburi district, a navy team evacuated a stranded pregnant woman whose water broke Sunday. Aorasa Wisetkoop looked anxious, but remained calm and held tightly onto her belly, while a rescue team lifted her into a boat.

"We had to get her to hospital," rescuer Nitipat Mongolpradit said.

But along with every tragic and urgent incident in the inundation, there were images of Thais splashing in the floodwaters for fun.

When the river began flowing like a waterfall over a wall into Chantana Srisuwan's wooden-shack kitchen, the 58-year-old pulled out a stack of aluminum pans, soaped them up and began washing them. "Why bother being troubled?" she asked.

"If we think we shouldn't get wet, we'll never have peace of mind," she said, as a neighbor complained he could not sleep because his bed was submerged beneath encroaching waves. "If there's no water, great. But if there is, we have to learn to live with it."

___

Associated Press writers Vee Intarakratug, Margie Mason and Ian Mader in Bangkok contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2011-10-30-AS-Thailand-Floods/id-d27302cfdff44547b87faf65872a3c87

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Kim Kardashian Halloween Kostume: What Do You Think?


Kim Kardashian ignored the rumors about her marriage last night - is it all a farce? - and got paid to party at New York City nightclub LAVO during an event sponsored by Midori.

And what did the professional celebrity dress as for the occasion? Poison Ivy, the Batman villain once portrayed on screen by Uma Thurman. All it was took was high heels, a cleavage-baring top and... wait, how is this any different than her usual red carpet outfits?

Kim Kardashian Costume

The party benefited a number of charities, with all cover charges going to causes that include... just kidding! Kim simply banked another six-figure payday for showing off her breasts.

What do you think of this costume?

[Photo: WENN.com]

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2011/10/kim-kardashian-halloween-kostume-what-do-you-think/

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A More Modern Blood Thinner

Link Information - Click to View

A More Modern Blood Thinner
Researchers get closer to making the drug heparin without raw animal materials. Researchers have developed an easier and potentially cheaper method of synthesizing heparin, a widely used blood thinner that is typically made from pig intestines or cow lungs.

Source: Technology Review
Posted on: Friday, Oct 28, 2011, 7:28am
Views: 19

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/114727/A_More_Modern_Blood_Thinner

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Around the Web?

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Source: http://feeds.celebritybabies.com/~r/celebrity-babies/~3/JUxRHeHZLJA/

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Sunday, October 30, 2011

This week in The Slacktiverse, October 29/30 2011 (slacktivist)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

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London goes to court to evict St. Paul's protest

Supporters of the Occupy London Stock Exchange protest take part in a mass meditation on the steps of St Paul's Cathedral in London, Thursday, Oct. 27, 2011. The senior St. Paul's Cathedral priest who welcomed anti-capitalist demonstrators to camp outside the London landmark resigned Thursday, saying he feared moves to evict the protesters could end in violence. Other senior clergy and politicians urged the campers to leave peacefully, as the cathedral announced it would reopen to the public Friday after a weeklong closure triggered by the demonstrators' tents. (AP photo/Matt Dunham)

Supporters of the Occupy London Stock Exchange protest take part in a mass meditation on the steps of St Paul's Cathedral in London, Thursday, Oct. 27, 2011. The senior St. Paul's Cathedral priest who welcomed anti-capitalist demonstrators to camp outside the London landmark resigned Thursday, saying he feared moves to evict the protesters could end in violence. Other senior clergy and politicians urged the campers to leave peacefully, as the cathedral announced it would reopen to the public Friday after a weeklong closure triggered by the demonstrators' tents. (AP photo/Matt Dunham)

A masked group of London school friends aged eleven and twelve pose for photographs for the media beside the Occupy London Stock Exchange protest camp outside St Paul's Cathedral in London, Thursday, Oct. 27, 2011. The children walked past the protest camp after going to a party together where they wanted to dress up as "mini-anons". The plastic masks, which have been adopted by protesters in various countries around the world to keep their faces anonymous, represent Guy Fawkes, who attempted to blow up Britain's Houses of Parliament in the 1600s. (AP photo/Matt Dunham)

In this picture taken with a fish-eye lens, a large Monopoly board stands beside tents of Occupy London Stock Exchange protesters outside St Paul's Cathedral in London, Thursday, Oct. 27, 2011. The senior St. Paul's Cathedral priest who welcomed anti-capitalist demonstrators to camp outside the London landmark resigned Thursday, saying he feared moves to evict the protesters could end in violence. Other senior clergy and politicians urged the campers to leave peacefully, as the cathedral announced it would reopen to the public Friday after a weeklong closure triggered by the demonstrators' tents. (AP photo/Matt Dunham)

(AP) ? Church and local government authorities are going to court to evict anti-capitalist protesters camped outside St. Paul's Cathedral ? though officials acknowledged Friday it could take weeks or months to get an order to remove the tent city.

As the iconic church reopened after a weeklong closure triggered by the protest, the City of London Corporation said it was launching legal action on the grounds that the protest is an "unreasonable user of the highway." Scores of tents are pitched on the pedestrianized square in front of the cathedral and near a footpath alongside the building.

"Protest is an essential right in a democracy ? but camping on the highway is not and we believe we will have a strong highways case because an encampment on a busy thoroughfare clearly impacts the rights of others," said Michael Welbank, a member of the corporation's planning and transportation committee.

St. Paul's Cathedral said it agreed that "legal action has regrettably become necessary."

The cathedral's governing body said in a statement that it "takes this step with the greatest reluctance and remains committed to a peaceful solution."

Several hundred protesters against economic inequality and corporate greed have been camped outside the building since Oct. 15, inspired by New York's Occupy Wall Street movement. On Oct. 21 cathedral officials shut the building, saying the campsite represented a health and safety hazard.

It was the first time the 300-year-old church, one of London's best-known buildings, had closed since German planes bombed the city during World War II.

After the campers agreed to rearrange their tents the cathedral reopened Friday with a special Eucharist service attended by hundreds of people, including some of the protesters.

"Today we rejoice that we are once again able to worship in an open cathedral," Dean of St. Paul's Graeme Knowles told worshippers.

The protest has divided managers of the cathedral. Some have called for the protesters to leave, but senior clergyman Giles Fraser resigned Thursday, saying he feared moves to evict the camp could end in violence.

Fraser Dyer, a chaplain at St. Paul's Cathedral, quit his post on Friday, citing the church's decision to instigate legal action against the protesters. "I am left feeling embarrassed by the position the Dean and Chapter have taken," he wrote in a resignation letter posted to his website.

Former Archbishop of Canterbury George Carey on Friday also criticized the cathedral's handling of the protest, saying the situation had become a "debacle" that could hurt Christianity's image.

"My paramount concern throughout has been that the reputation of Christianity is being damaged by the episode, and, more widely, that the possibility of fruitful and peaceful protest has been brought into disrepute," Carey wrote in the Daily Telegraph newspaper.

Prime Minister David Cameron Friday called for the stalemate to be resolved. He said he supported the right to protest, but this did not include "the freedom to pitch a tent almost anywhere you want to in London."

"I have a feeling that if you or I decided to pitch a tent in the middle of Oxford Street we'd be moved on very quickly," Cameron told reporters at a Commonwealth summit in Perth, Australia. "It's vitally important places like St. Paul's Cathedral are open to the public."

Getting a court order to evict the protesters could be a lengthy process, complicated by the tangled ownership of this medieval patch of London, which has been the site of a cathedral dedicated to St. Paul for 1,400 years. Christopher Wren's domed landmark was built to replace an earlier building destroyed in the Great Fire of London and became a symbol of the city's endurance after it survived the World War II Blitz.

Conservative legislator Mark Field, who represents the district in Parliament, welcomed the legal action, saying the area in front of the world-famous building had become "like a Third World shantytown."

"I think they are doing the right thing to try and get these people removed, but it's going to be a long process," he told the BBC.

____

Jill Lawless can be reached at: http://twitter.com/JillLawless

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2011-10-28-EU-Britain-Wall-Street-Protests/id-7b932ddd9ebe44d9b4c8345ddbb4ba36

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Royal girls to get equal shot at crown

If Will and Kate's first child is a girl, it's now clear that she'll probably become queen one day ? and not even getting a little brother can mess that up.

The Commonwealth countries agreed Friday to change centuries-old rules of succession that put sons on the throne ahead of any older sisters. So that hypothetical daughter of Prince William and Kate Middleton ? now known as Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge ? would have a prime place in history: the first princess to beat out any younger brothers and accede to the throne.

Had these rules been in place in the 1500s, Henry VIII would have just been a rather large historical footnote.

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The move is a baby step: Before taking effect, the changes still must be approved by the legislatures of the 16 nations where Queen Elizabeth II is head of state. Still, the agreement, which was reached at a meeting of Commonwealth nations in Perth, Australia, represents a triumph over practices now considered outdated and sexist in much of the world.

Nations including Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands and Norway have already taken similar steps.

Will and Kate's lavish April wedding renewed a decades-long debate over succession.

Middleton told a well-wisher in Canada this summer that she hopes to start a family. William has said the same.

Once their honeymoon was over, baby talk started, adding urgency to the dialogue, although officials insist that talk of a pregnancy is premature.

Historians think it's about time.

"You shouldn't muck around too much with the constitution, but it's a good idea to change this at this time," said royal expert Hugo Vickers. "It's much better to have it sorted out before any babies come along."

The new rules would only apply to future heirs and would have no impact on the current line of succession.

William is second in line to the throne after his father, Prince Charles, who is the queen's firstborn child. Charles' sister, Anne, is lower in the line of succession than her younger brothers Andrew and Edward by virtue of their male gender.

Charles had only sons, William and Prince Harry, so the issue of gender was never raised.

In 2009, the government of then-Prime Minister Gordon Brown considered a bill that would end the custom of putting males ahead of females in the succession line. It also would lift a ban on British monarchs marrying Roman Catholics. The government did not have time to pursue it before Brown left office.

The rule has kept women from succeeding to the throne in the past. Queen Victoria's first child was a daughter ? also called Victoria ? but it was her younger brother who became King Edward VII.

If Queen Victoria had been able to pass her crown to her firstborn, Britain's Princess Victoria would have had a brief reign before her death in 1901.

That would have made her son ? Wilhelm II, who at that time was the German Kaiser ? king. With Wilhelm II ruling both Germany and Britain, there may not have been two world wars.

Story: Hear ye, hear ye: UK royal heirs may wed Catholics

Earlier history might also have been drastically different if women had had equal rights to the throne.

Neither Henry VIII nor Charles I would have been king because both had older sisters who, under the new rules, would have been monarch.

As king, Henry VIII set in motion the creation of the Church of England. His six marriages left an insecure succession ? one sickly son and two princesses, according to the monarchy's official website. Charles I's reign in the 17th century led to a bloody civil war.

Prince William and his wife have been credited with freshening up a staid monarchy, and new succession rules seem to fit right in.

"In this day and age, why should a royal son be more important than a royal daughter?" said Joe Little, managing editor of Majesty magazine.

The same goes for the decision Friday in Perth to lift a ban on monarchs marrying Roman Catholics. Critics had called the rule blatantly discriminatory since royals are free to wed Jews, Muslims, Hindus or members of any other religion."Britain is no longer the religious country that it once was," Little said. "While not denigrating the importance of religion, it plays much less of a role now then it did 60 years ago."

Video: Royal daughters win equal right to throne (on this page)

Still, some Britons are wary of a Catholic monarch.

"The pope is responsible for some horrors," said Anna Marsh, 73, who was cycling in London.

Her biking buddy Jill Gregory, 71, was fine with the idea ? and also fully in favor of giving firstborn girls an equal right to the throne.

"In terms of ability, I don't think women are any different than men," Gregory said, pointing to the queen and her late mother.

Elizabeth II succeeded her father, King George VI, because he had no sons. If she had had a younger brother, he would have jumped above her in the line of succession.

Prime Minister David Cameron had pushed for the changes, calling it a matter of equality.

New Zealand will now chair a working group of Commonwealth countries to discuss how to accomplish the reforms. It's not a simple process. Getting all 16 countries to begin the legislative changes is what has held them up for decades.

However long it takes, Patricia Wager of London said it would clear up something that should not be an issue in the modern world.

"It's a good idea, and a long time coming," she said.

? 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45073553/ns/world_news-europe/

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Messi piles on more goals

Lionel Messi

updated 12:39 a.m. ET Oct. 30, 2011

MADRID - Lionel Messi got his 13th career hat trick during an 18-minute span of the first half and increased his career total to 199 goals, leading Barcelona over Mallorca 5-0 Saturday in the Spanish league.

Messi's goal drought of three matches had raised concern in Spain, but he converted a penalty kick in the 13th minute, tapped in Adriano's mis-hit in the 21st and knocked in Dani Alves' cross in the 30th. Messi has 19 goals in 17 games this season, including a league-high 13, and with 132 league goals moved into second place on Barcelona career list ahead of Laszlo Kubala (131) and trailing only Cesar Rodriguez (195).

"It seems crazy to me to say that I'm in a crisis after just three games without a goal," Messi said. "There's no pressure as long as the team keeps winning."

Twenty-year-old Isaac Cuenca scored his first goal for Barcelona in his second start, and Daniel Alves added the final goal. Barcelona improved to 11-0-5 overall this season and outscored opponents 48-10.

Gonzalo Higuain's ninth-minute goal gave Real Madrid a 1-0 win at Real Sociedad that moved it into first place. Real Madrid (8-1-1) has 25 points, one more than Barcelona (7-0-3). Levante (7-0-2) is at Osasuna on Sunday.

Villarreal beat Rayo Vallecano 2-0 on goals by Bruno and Borja Valero to end an eight-game winless streak, and Valencia beat Getafe 3-1.

___

LONDON (AP) ? Manchester City beat Wolverhampton 3-1 and stayed five points ahead of Manchester United at the top of the Premier League. Chelsea lost ground on the leaders with a 5-3 defeat against visiting Arsenal in which Robin van Persie had a hat trick.

City (9-0-1) overcame a second-half red card for Vincent Kompany in its victory, and defending champion United (7-1-2) won 1-0 at Everton (3-5-1). Everton, which lost a League Cup game against Chelsea that went to overtime less than 72 hours earlier, looked sluggish. United dominated without testing American goalkeeper Tim Howard.

In addition to Van Persie, Arsenal had goals from Andre Santos and Theo Walcott. This was Arsenal's best win at Chelsea since 1934. Frank Lampard and John Terry scored for Chelsea.

"You could see how happy we are at the end because we fought hard and every one of us showed character," Van Persie said. "It's a big, big win for us today."

Arsenal has 16 points, three fewer than third-place Chelsea.

Liverpool won 2-0 at West Bromwich Albion; Blackburn drew 3-3 with Norwich; Aston Villa drew 2-2 at Sunderland; and Swansea beat Bolton 3-1. Fulham won 2-0 at Wigan with American midfielder Clint Dempsey scoring his third league goal of the season and fifth overall to put the Cottagers ahead in the 42nd minute.

___

MILAN (AP) ? Claudio Marchisio scored a tiebreaking goal in the 33rd minute to keep Juventus in the Serie A lead with a 2-1 win at struggling Inter Milan in the Derby d'Italia.

Mirko Vucinic put Juventus ahead in the 12th minute, but Maicon tied it in the 28th. Marchisio scored his fourth league goal of the season.

Juventus (5-0-4) has 19 points, two ahead of AC Milan (5-2-2), which won 3-2 at Roma.

Defending champion Milan, which had won only twice at the Stadio Olimpico in the past 14 years, got goals from Zlatan Ibrahimovic in the 17th and 78th minutes, and Alessandro Nesta in the 30th.

Nicolas Burdisso scored in the 28th minute for Roma, and Bojan Krkic got a goal in the 87th.

Napoli, which had been even on points with Milan, lost 2-1 at Catania.

___

BERLIN (AP) ? Mario Gomez scored twice and Bayern Munich beat Nuremberg 4-0 to open a four-point lead in the Bundesliga. Defending champion Borussia Dortmund was held to a 1-1 draw at Stuttgart.

Gomez, the league's top scorer, struck in the second minute and again in the 68th. Bastian Schweinsteiger scored in the 19th minute and Franck Ribery in the 39th.

Serdar Tasci scored in the 22nd for Stuttgart, but Lukasz Piszczek tied it during first-half injury time.

Schalke beat Hoffenheim 3-1 to climb to second place, one point ahead of Dortmund. Hertha Berlin won 3-2 at Wolfsburg and Borussia Moenchengladbach downed Hannover 2-1. Moenchengladbach climbed to fourth place after its first win in four games thanks to two goals from Marco Reus.

Bayern hosts Napoli in the Champions League on Wednesday.

___

PARIS (AP) ? Paris Saint-Germain (9-1-2) beat Caen 4-2 to keep a three-point lead over Montpellier (8-2-2) in the French league.

Defender Thomas Heurtaux headed in a corner kick in the 12th minute to give Caen the lead, but PSG midfielder Nene converted a penalty kick in the 20th after Benjamin Nivet had fouled him and was ejected.

Jeremy Menez put PSG ahead 2-1 in the 55th, and Nene made another penalty kick in the 76th following a foul by Nicolas Seube. After Jerry Vandam cut the lead to 3-2 by heading in a corner kick in the 82nd, Javier Pastore scored the final goal in the 88th.

Montpellier beat Nancy 2-0 on second-half goals from Olivier Giroud and Souleymane Camara.

___

GLASGOW, Scotland (AP) ? Rangers won 2-1 at Aberdeen to keep its nine-point lead at the top of the Scottish Premier League, while Celtic slipped further off the pace with a 0-0 draw against Hibernian.

Kyle Lafferty and Nikica Jelavic scored in the second half to maintain Rangers' advantage over second-place Motherwell, which won 3-2 at last-place Inverness.

But Celtic slipped 12 points behind the defending champions with its disappointing home draw against a team it beat 4-1 in midweek League Cup play. Hibernian is just four points above last place.

Dundee United won 4-1 at Dunfermline and Kilmarnock won 1-0 at Hearts.

___

ATHENS, Greece (AP) ? Vangelis Mantzios and Giorgos Georgiou scored in a three-minute spa, rallying OFI from two goals down for a 2-2 draw at defending champion Olympiakos in the Greek league.

Rafik Djebbour and Kevin Mirallas had put Olympiakos ahead.

First-place Atromitos, a 2-1 winner over Panionios, has 16 points from eight games. Olympiakos is second with 14 points, but with two games in hand.

In the day's other game, Panaitolikos and Xanthi drew 1-1.

Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Messi piles on more goals

European Roundup: Lionel Messi got his 13th career hat trick during an 18-minute span of the first half and increased his career total to 199 goals, leading Barcelona over Mallorca 5-0 Saturday in the Spanish league.

'Monster'?

Ex-U.S. coach Bob Bradley has the daunting challenge of reviving the hopes of the "monster'' of African football ? Egypt.

Source: http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/45089081/ns/sports-soccer/

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Saturday, October 29, 2011

PFT: Publicist denies T.O. attempted suicide

Chicago Bears v Tampa Bay BuccaneersGetty Images

We?re checking in with teams as they hit their bye week. ?Or at least we are trying to.

Next up: The Chicago Bears.

Familiar position

Lovie Smith told everyone to calm down after the team?s loss to the Lions on Monday Night Football in Week 5. ?He pointed out that if the team could beat the Vikings and Bucs, they would be 4-3 just like last year at the bye.

Give Smith credit: That?s exactly what happened. ?After a?tumultuous?training camp and start to the season, the Bears are in decent enough shape.

The Bears season has a different feel to it after two strong efforts. They completely destroyed Minnesota, and controlled the action against the Bucs in London.

The Bears have proven capable of beating mediocre competition. They can?t beat the best NFC teams: The Packers, Saints, and Lions all have wins over Chicago.

Forte leads the way

Adrian Peterson is the best running back in the NFL. ?Matt Forte may be the most important to his team. ?Forte leads all players by a wide margin in yards from scrimmage with 1,091. ?He is just off Chris Johnson?s all time yards from scrimmage record pace.

It?s hard to overstate how good Forte is as a receiver. He has a shot to be the first running back since Marshall Faulk to put up over 1,000 rushing yards and 1,000 receiving yards in the same season. It?s no coincidence Mike Martz was involved in both seasons.

Improving passing game

Jay Cutler may have enjoyed the best two game stretch of his Bears career in the loss to the Lions and the win over the Vikings. He is looking more comfortable. His pass protection has improved from absymal to simply lame.

The offense still has to be more consistent after some early ugly outings, but it?s headed in the right direction. It?s 12th in scoring despite the 21 sacks Cutler has taken. The team has a +4 turover margin.

Safety dance

Chris Harris started the season at strong safety; he was released Thursday. Brandon Meriweather was signed for $3.25 million and now sits on the bench. The team is going young with Major Wright and Chris Conte at the position. ?This is a shaky secondary overall.

Average defense

Lovie Smith teams are supposed to be built on defense. At this stage, the Bears have been ordinary stopping opponents. Lance Briggs and Brian Urlacher are still playing at a high level, but they don?t get a lot of help. The defensive line has been decent. Julius Peppers has played at less than 100%.

Chicago?s only chance to make a postseason push is for the defense to improve dramatically.

Angling for a wild card

The Bears are three games back in the NFC North, so their only hope for a playoff spot is a wild card. They are in decent shape with wins over NFC contenders like Atlanta and Tampa Bay.

The next two weeks after the bye are huge. ?The Bears travel to Philadelphia before hosting Detroit. Sweeping those two games would put Chicago in terrific position before an oddly timed four-game tour through the AFC West.

After seven weeks, the Bears are in the mix. Their recent play indicates we?ll probably be talking about Bears tiebreakers come late December.

Source: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2011/10/27/publicist-denies-that-t-o-attempted-suicide/related/

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Deal of the Day: Incipio Feather Ultralight Hard Shell Case for Samsung Droid Charge

Incipio Feather Ultralight Hard Shell Case for Samsung Droid ChargeThe Oct. 27 Deal of the Day brings us the Incipio Feather Ultralight Hard Shell Case for the Samsung Droid Charge. This guy's less than 1mm thin and is made of an ultra light, ultra strong polymer for light as a feather, form-fitting durable protection without the added bulk. It's got a soft-touch matte finish and is thin enough to be used with many Droid Charge docks. And best of all, it's available today for just $12.95 in either black, magenta, red or purple. Get yours while supplies last!


Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/9_3w9uvhoc8/deal-day-incipio-feather-ultralight-hard-shell-case-samsung-droid-charge

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Hard Rock: Asteroid Lutetia May Be an Intact Leftover from Planetary Formation

News | Space

A 2010 flyby by the Rosetta spacecraft showed Lutetia to be dense and dusty, a probable member of the planetesimal population that coalesced to form Earth and other planets


Asteroid 21 Lutetia from the ESA Rosetta spacecraftDENSE AS CAN BE: Asteroid Lutetia appears to be a battered but mostly intact planetesimal from early solar system history. Image: ? ESA 2010 MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/RSSD/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA

A brief encounter between a European spacecraft and a large asteroid has revealed that the space rock is likely a mostly intact leftover from the planetary formation process. But the flyby raised more questions than it answered, providing tantalizing but somewhat puzzling hints about the asteroid's makeup and internal structure.

The spacecraft, a European Space Agency probe called Rosetta, flew by Asteroid Lutetia in July 2010. The spacecraft is on its way to a planned encounter with Comet Churyumov?Gerasimenko in 2014; Rosetta shut down most of its systems and entered communication hibernation this past June to conserve power during its a 2.5-year cruise toward that rendezvous. Rosetta scientists have now analyzed the imagery and other data from the asteroid flyby; the results appear in a trio of studies in the October 28 issue of Science.

The researchers' main conclusion is that Lutetia looks to be an ancient planetesimal of the type that merged to form the planets in the first millions of years of solar system history. That contrasts with some smaller bodies visited by spacecraft, such as the asteroids Itokawa and Mathilde, which look not to be single, solid leftovers but rather looser, more porous assemblages of planetary odds and ends.

Lutetia, however, is too dense to have much porosity. Rosetta scientists derived a density estimate for the asteroid from visual assessments of Lutetia's irregular physical dimensions (121 by 101 by 75 kilometers), as well as from a mass measurement produced by tracking Rosetta's radio signals back to Earth. Even at a flyby distance of 3,170 kilometers, the asteroid's gravitational tug on the passing spacecraft was enough to deflect Rosetta's trajectory and Doppler-shift the spacecraft's radio transmissions. The magnitude of that Doppler shift reflected the strength of Lutetia's gravitational pull and therefore its mass.

At 3.4 grams per cubic centimeter, Lutetia rivals the larger Vesta for the densest known asteroid. "It's something like 20 percent denser than granite, so it's really dense material there," says Holger Sierks, a planetary researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Katlenburg?Lindau, Germany, lead author of one of the new studies. The implication is that Lutetia must be solid, or very nearly so, with a composition that should have survived from the dawn of the solar system to today. "It has significant strength, so you'd need a lot of energy to hammer it to pieces," he says.

Planetesimals such as Lutetia hold important clues to the planetary formation process. "It's really huge, so it's very interesting to see a very large remnant that really survived from the early days," Sierks says.

That is not to say that Lutetia has had it easy; the asteroid's ancient surface bears the scars of billions of years of impacts from smaller objects. Its surface is pocked with more than 350 craters sized at least 600 meters in diameter, including a whopper of a crater, called Massilia, some 55 kilometers across. "Certainly a lot of material was shaved off to what we see today," Sierks says. "But it didn't see an impact that shattered it to pieces."

The cratering record and photographic evidence of landslides reveal that a deep layer of dusty, lunarlike soil, or regolith, coats the asteroid. "We know that we are looking at several hundreds of meters, if not a kilometer-thick, layer of regolith with very low density," Sierks says.

That low-density exterior material, which resembles that of primitive meteorites known as chondrites, is tough to reconcile with the asteroid's high overall density, which exceeds that of most chondrites. "It's a head-scratcher," says Erik Asphaug, a planetary scientist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who did not contribute to the new studies. In the absence of a mass measurement, one might naively assume a porosity of about 20 percent for a similar-looking asteroid, Asphaug says. "Suddenly you have this asteroid, Lutetia, where one has to assume that you have a porosity of essentially zero, which doesn't fit at all with this dusty surface, heavily cratered, that's been bashed around for a long time," he says. "Trying to figure out what it's all about is really baffling."

One possibility is that Lutetia is partially differentiated, meaning that it has a metallic core, like a half-baked mini planet. A differentiated structure would help explain Lutetia's overall high density, especially if impacts carved away some of the less dense material after heavier metals had coagulated in the core. "I see a body which has a really beat up mantle, and probably deep beneath that mantle an iron core," Asphaug says. "Unfortunately, we'll probably never know." At least, Rosetta never will return there so it could deliver the data to clear up the mystery.

That is the fundamental problem with flybys, which are essentially add-ons to a spacecraft's primary mission and rarely deliver as much science as the main event. A fleeting rendezvous, lasting just hours in the case of Rosetta's 55,000-kilometer-per-hour pass at Lutetia, gives some clues to the target object but no opportunity for detailed follow-up investigation.

"It's a pity that we didn't stay for long enough," Sierks says. "If we had stayed for awhile, we would have been able to tell more about the interior of the body, and of course about the surface." As Rosetta zooms farther and farther beyond the Asteroid Belt to get a close look at Comet Churyumov?Gerasimenko, Sierks hopes that an asteroid-lander mission will not be far behind. "It's a good argument for the next generation of missions going out into the Asteroid Belt," he says, "because they really have to land there and...not just scratch the surface, but really get into the pristine material and find out what's there."

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=70df323218176d239f57d2041678ac35

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More and more twins delivered by C-section (Reuters)

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) ? The proportion of twins who are delivered by cesarean section in the U.S. has shot up "dramatically" since the mid-1990s, according to a new study.

While sometimes the babies' position or other delivery complications make a C-section necessary, California researchers reported that the largest relative increase in the practice was seen in healthy moms and babies who were well positioned to be delivered vaginally.

"There seems to be a very liberal approach to cesarean section with twins that has evolved over the last decade," said Dr. Mark Landon, the head of obstetrics and gynecology at Ohio State University in Columbus.

"The numbers are pretty dramatic in terms of the fact that three-quarters of twins undergo cesarean section now," Landon, who wasn't involved in the new study, told Reuters Health.

The 75 percent C-section rate in 2008, the most recent year covered in the study, is up from just over 53 percent in 1995.

That adds up to a five percent increase each year in the proportion of twins born via C-section nationwide.

And the trend couldn't be explained by an increase in complications, sicker moms or more "breech" babies positioned to be born feet-first.

Even in healthy women with the lowest risk of a delivery complication, and babies that were aligned head-first, the C-section rate increased from one-third of births at the beginning of the study period to more than half at the end.

In those cases, "there is really no evidence that cesarean delivery confers a benefit to either the mother or the infant, Landon said.

The findings, published in Obstetrics & Gynecology, are in line with other recent research suggesting that the C-section rate for all babies -- not just twins -- has been climbing. (See Reuters Health story of December 23, 2010).

Now, C-section deliveries account for about one-third of all births in the U.S.

Researchers have been unsure why that's the case. Some have suggested that obstetricians might be giving up on vaginal deliveries and switching to C-sections earlier in labor than they used to, or that more women are requesting C-sections so they can have greater control over when their babies are born.

But having a C-section raises a mother's risk of bleeding and infection, as well as bowel and bladder injuries. The procedures also mean longer hospital stays and higher price tags.

"We know that sometimes they're appropriate and going to be beneficial... but in some instances there's no clear reason for them and it can potentially cause problems for the mother or baby," said Dr. Henry Lee from the University of California, San Francisco, who worked on the study.

And the increase in C-sections for twins, he told Reuters Health, "is not really explained by any kind of medical reason."

Lee said there needs to be more research on when C-sections are beneficial in dealing with twins, but his study suggests they're being done too frequently.

"It's a priority in our country now to decrease the cesarean rate overall," he concluded.

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/rEdvzp Obstetrics and Gynecology, November 2011.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/parenting/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111028/hl_nm/us_twins_csection

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Madoff: Has remorse, doesn't contemplate suicide

In this Wednesday, Jan. 14, 2009 file photo, Bernard L. Madoff, the accused mastermind of a $50 billion Ponzi scheme, leaves Federal Court in New York. A book by Stephanie Madoff Mack, Madoff?s daughter-in-law, ?The End of Normal: A Wife?s Anguish, A Widow?s New Life? goes on sale Thursday, Oct. 20, 2011. (AP Photo/Stuart Ramson, file)

In this Wednesday, Jan. 14, 2009 file photo, Bernard L. Madoff, the accused mastermind of a $50 billion Ponzi scheme, leaves Federal Court in New York. A book by Stephanie Madoff Mack, Madoff?s daughter-in-law, ?The End of Normal: A Wife?s Anguish, A Widow?s New Life? goes on sale Thursday, Oct. 20, 2011. (AP Photo/Stuart Ramson, file)

In this April 6, 2009 file photo, Ruth Madoff is escorted by private security as she leaves the Metropolitan Correctional Center after visiting her husband, disgraced financier Bernard Madoff, in New York. (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer)

In this undated photograph provided by Security Traders Association of New York, Mark Madoff is shown. Madoff, one of Bernard Madoff's sons, was found dead of an apparent suicide Saturday, Dec. 11, 2010. A book by Stephanie Madoff Mack, Mark Madoff's widow, "The End of Normal: A Wife's Anguish, A Widow's New Life," goes on sale, Thursday, Oct. 20, 2011. (AP Photo/Security Traders Association of New York, Kimberly Unger) NO SALES

(AP) ? Disgraced financier Bernie Madoff has told an interviewer he has terrible remorse and horrible nightmares over his epic fraud, but also said he feels happier in prison than he's felt in 20 years.

Barbara Walters told ABC's "Good Morning America" on Thursday that she interviewed Madoff for two hours at the prison in Butner, N.C., where he's serving a 150-year sentence. No cameras were allowed in the prison.

Walters said Madoff told her he thought about suicide before being sent to prison. But since he's been there, he no longer thinks about it.

His comments come ahead of his wife's appearance Sunday's edition of CBS' "60 Minutes." Ruth Madoff said in excerpts that they tried to kill themselves after he admitted stealing billions of dollars in the largest Ponzi scheme in history.

Walters quoted Madoff as saying: "I feel safer here (in prison) than outside. I have people to talk to, no decisions to make. I know I will die in prison. I lived the last 20 years of my life in fear. Now, I have no fear because I'm no longer in control."

She also said he told her he understands why his one-time clients hate him, and that the average person thinks he "robbed widows and orphans." But he also told her, "I made wealthy people wealthier."

Ruth Madoff's appearance on "60 Minutes" will be her first interview since her husband's December 2008 arrest. She says they had been receiving hate mail and "terrible phone calls" and were distraught.

"I don't know whose idea it was, but we decided to kill ourselves because it was so horrendous what was happening," she says in the interview, according to excerpts released by CBS.

She says it was Christmas Eve, which added to their depression, and she decided: "I just can't go on anymore."

She says the couple took "a bunch of pills" including the insomnia prescription medication Ambien, but they both woke up the next day. She says the decision was "very impulsive" and she's glad they didn't die.

The couple's son Andrew Madoff also will talk about his experience.

Another son, Mark Madoff, hanged himself by a dog leash last year on the anniversary of his father's arrest. Like his parents, he had swallowed a batch of sleeping pills in a failed suicide attempt 14 months earlier, according to his widow's new book, "The End of Normal: A Wife's Anguish, A Widow's New Life."

Bernie Madoff was arrested on Dec. 11, 2008, the morning after his sons notified authorities through an attorney that he had confessed to them that his investment business was a multibillion-dollar Ponzi scheme. He admitted cheating thousands of investors. He pleaded guilty to fraud charges.

Madoff, who's in his 70s, ran his scheme for at least two decades, using his investment advisory service to cheat individuals, charities, celebrities and institutional investors.

An investigation found Madoff never made any investments, instead using the money from new investors to pay returns to existing clients ? and to finance a lavish lifestyle for his family. Losses have been estimated at around $20 billion, making it the biggest investment fraud in U.S. history.

___

Online:

http://www.cbsnews.com/sections/60minutes/main3415.shtml

http://abcnews.go.com/watch/good-morning-america/SH5587637

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2011-10-27-People-Madoff/id-8146a3f55bc842f98a7d2b1f25f04e07

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Friday, October 28, 2011

James Brown's ex-manager gets 3-year home sentence

(AP) ? James Brown's former manager has been sentenced to three years of home confinement on charges he took more money than he was allowed under contract from the late soul singer in his final years.

The Aiken Standard reported Friday that 72-year-old David Cannon of Barnwell entered an Alford plea to two counts of breach of trust (http://bit.ly/vBvUkA). The plea does not admit guilt, but acknowledges there is enough evidence for a conviction.

Prosecutors said Cannon was supposed to receive 5 percent of whatever Brown made in a year but instead gave himself close to 15 percent. Cannon was also accused of stealing part of a $900,000 check, but his defense says that was a misunderstanding. Attorney Gregory Harris says Cannon was owed the money.

Brown died on Christmas Day 2006.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2011-10-28-James%20Brown-Manager/id-a2a03073d83a43e4a9569e9bb7033ad7

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Madoff says he is happier in prison than free (Reuters)

NEW YORK (Reuters) ? Financial swindler Bernard Madoff said that he is happier in prison than he was on the outside because he no longer lives in fear of being arrested and knows he will die in prison, TV journalist Barbara Walters said on Thursday.

Walters, who spent two hours at the prison with Madoff two weeks ago, also told ABC's "Good Morning America" program that Madoff said that while he had contemplated suicide during his early days behind bars, he lacked the courage and never thinks about killing himself now.

Madoff is serving a 150-year prison term for bilking investors out of billions of dollars in a decades-long Ponzi scheme that is considered the biggest financial fraud in U.S. history.

Madoff's wife, Ruth, said in an interview to be aired on CBS's "60 Minutes" program on Sunday that the couple actually tried to kill themselves by taking pills on Christmas Eve 2008 after the fraud was exposed.

"I don't know whose idea it was, but we decided to kill ourselves because it was so horrendous what was happening," Ruth Madoff said of the failed attempt.

Walters did not address the subject of suicide on Thursday. She said Madoff and his wife are now estranged.

The couple's elder son, Mark, 46, hanged himself in his New York apartment on December 11, the second anniversary of his father's arrest. Mark and Andrew Madoff turned in their father to authorities a day after he confessed to them.

Walters said Madoff, 73, was distraught over his son's suicide, and that his wife wanted to stop visiting him in prison after that and he agreed. He has not seen her since, Walters said.

"Ruth does not hate me. She has no one, and this is not fair to her," Walters quoted Madoff as saying.

"He has terrible remorse, he says he knows that he ruined his family," Walters said, adding that Madoff told her that with the help of therapy he does not think about what he has done, but "at night he says he has horrible nightmares."

The interview, one of several involving the Madoff family to surface in the past week, was not filmed because cameras are not allowed in the North Carolina facility where Madoff is serving time.

Walters said Madoff speaks of being happier now because for the first time in 20 years he has no fear of being arrested.

"I feel safer here than outside," Madoff told Walters.

"I have people to talk to, no decisions to make ... now I have no fear because I'm no longer in control" and "know that I will die in prison," she said he told her.

As for his crimes, Madoff said, "the average person thinks I robbed widows and orphans. I made wealthy people wealthier."

Walters said Madoff told her, "every once in a while I find myself smiling, and I'm horrified."

Mark Madoff's widow Stephanie said in interviews ahead of the publication of her book that Madoff had boasted in a letter to her of being treated like a celebrity, and Walters corroborated this, saying that he told her the prisoners, "especially the younger ones," treat him with respect.

(Reporting by Chris Michaud; editing by Greg McCune)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/us/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111027/bs_nm/us_madoff_interview

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The Universe's Dark Ages: How Our Cosmos Survived (SPACE.com)

The dark ages of the universe ? an era of darkness that existed before the first stars and galaxies ? mostly remain a mystery because there is so little of it to see, but scientists intensely desire to shed light on them in order to learn secrets about how the universe came into being.

"The dark ages represent our origins ? when the very first stars formed and created the heavy elements we are made of today," said theoretical astrophysicist Abraham Loeb, chairman of the astronomy department at Harvard University.

Now researchers are developing tools for gazing back into this hitherto enigmatic time. To put things in perspective, astronomers estimate that the universe is 13.7 billion years old.

"Our existence is a result of these first generation of stars, so when we investigate the dark ages, we're exploring our origins," Loeb, who is also the author of "How Did The First Stars and Galaxies Form?" (Princeton University Press, 2010), told SPACE.com.

First light, then darkness, then light again

Before the dark ages of the universe, the cosmos was so hot that all the atoms that existed were split into positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons. These electrically charged ions blocked all light from traveling freely.

Approximately 400,000 years after the Big Bang, the universe cooled down enough for these ions to recombine into atoms, enabling the first light in the cosmos, that from the Big Bang, to finally shine. However, what came next were the dark ages of the universe ? there was no other light, as the stars were not born yet.[Infographic Tour: History & Structure of the Universe]

Current models of the universe suggest the first galaxies began forming about 100 million years after the Big Bang, marking the beginning of the end of the dark ages. This process of star and galaxy formation gradually continued until virtually all the hydrogen and helium that make up most of the universe was once again ionized, this time by starlight, about 500 million years after the Big Bang.

Mysteries waiting to be solved

There are many questions that learning more about the dark ages could help answer. For instance, where did the monstrously large black holes seen at the hearts of virtually all large galaxies come from?

"The Milky Way has a black hole about 4 million times the mass of the sun, and some galaxies have black holes a billion solar masses large," Loeb said. This apparently holds true even for ancient galaxies such as ULAS J1120+0641, which apparently had a central black hole 2 billion times the mass of the sun only 770 million years after the Big Bang.

"That's not a lot of time to build such black holes," Loeb said. "How did these form? What are the seeds of these black holes?"

In addition, a major enigma of the dark ages is how dark matter ? the as-yet unidentified materialmaking up about 85 percent of all matter in the universe ? might have influenced the formation of the first galaxies. This question is compounded by the fact "that we don't know what the nature of dark matter is," Loeb said.

Currently, the leading candidates for dark matter are particles that interact only weakly with regular matter and with each other. However, Loeb wonders if dark matter particles actually might interact with each other more than researchers generally suspect, given the behavior of nearby small galaxies.

"If we assume dark matter is non-interacting, when people do simulations of the evolution of galaxies such as the Milky Way, there should be many satellite galaxies around it," Loeb said. "However, when people look at the satellite galaxy population of the Milky Way, they find much fewer than the predicted number, and the inferred distribution of dark matter inside these dwarf galaxies is very different than what is predicted for them as well. Perhaps dark matter behaves differently than expected."

Another puzzle is what the first stars were like. In the incredible heat and pressure found in the cores of these stars, relatively simple elements such as hydrogen and helium were forged into heavier elements such as the carbon that life as we know it is based on and the oxygen we breathe.

"Currently, we think the very first stars were more massive than the sun ? 10 times, maybe even 100 times more massive ? and very short-lived, maybe living only a few million years," Loeb said.

However, there are calculations that suggest that under some circumstances, smaller stars could have formed back then. "These would be very poor in heavy elements, and we might be able to see them today if they exist, lurking in the halo of the Milky Way," Loeb said. "Were the first stars different from present-day stars? If we can, we'd like to see them to find out." [The Big Bang to Now in 10 Easy Steps]

Secrets of the dark ages

To investigate the dark ages, one avenue scientists are pursuing involves hunting for the earliest stars and galaxies. Since it takes light time to travel, light that came from far away also must have come from long ago. As such, astronomers look deep in space to peer back in time.

"It's similar to archaeology ? the deeper you dig, the more ancient layers you uncover," Loeb said. "Here, we're essentially digging in space."

One key tool for looking at the ancient past has recently drawn a great deal of controversy for its delays and cost ? the James Webb Space Telescope. Still, if this space observatory ever flies, it could help reveal much about the early universe by catching the extremely faint light from the first galaxies.

"This telescope is the best hope we have to actually image the first generation of galaxies," Loeb said.

Another strategy for learning more about the dark ages would be looking at the scars that early stars and galaxies would have inflicted on the hydrogen surrounding them. Even cold hydrogen gives off light in the form of radio waves with a specific wavelength of 21 centimeters. By tuning in on that wavelength, scientists could thus see how this hydrogen changed over time in response to stellar radiation.

A number of radio telescope arrays under development will detect these 21-centimeter radio waves, Loeb said. These include the Murchison Widefield Array in western Australia, the Low-Frequency Array (spread across Europe, the Primeval Structure Telescope inChina, the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization in South Africa, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope in India, and the Square Kilometer Array, to be constructed in either Australia or South Africa.

Scientists can also peer at early galaxies by looking for X-rays from their central black holes using telescopes such as NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Future research could also detect the ripples in space-time known as gravity waves, released when black holes from early galaxies merged with each other.

A project called Advanced LIGOwill have sufficient sensitivity to see gravity waves from mergers of stellar-mass black holes in nearby galaxies within a few years from now, Loeb said. An even more ambitious project known as LISA that could detect mergers of supermassive black holes in distant galaxies was once on the books, but budgetary woes have officially scrapped itfor now.

"It will always pay to look at as much of the sky as we can," Loeb said. "You never know what you might find."

It took quite a bit more than seven days to create the universe as we know it today. SPACE.com looks at the mysteries of the heavens in our eight-part series: The History & Future of the Cosmos. This is Part 6 in that series.?

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/space/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/space/20111026/sc_space/theuniversesdarkageshowourcosmossurvived

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